Welcome to the Veterans Radio Archives. We are working on keeping our archived programs up to date.

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Listed below are the 2010 Archived Programs and the July-December 2009 Archives 
Click here for  2006, 2007, 2008 and January-June 2009 Programs

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6 February 2010	Salute to Veterans This program is honoring groups and individuals who are helping veterans in many ways. This includes groups like the Veterans History Project, Feed Our Veterans, Department of Veterans Affairs and many more are discussed on today's program. Details to follow. __________________________________________________________________________________
January 30 2010	William Hanford An artillery forward observer in World War II's last six months, Hanford was tasked with calling in heavy fire on the enemy from dangerous observation posts. His honest and observant memoir describes the good, bad, and ugly of his experiences in France and Germany.  Cpl. Bill Hanford had one of the U.S. Army’s most dangerous jobs in World War II: artillery forward observer (FO). Tasked with calling in heavy fire on the enemy, FOs accompanied infantrymen into combat, crawled into no-man’s-land, and ascended observation posts like hills and ridges to find their targets. But beyond the usual perils of ground combat, FOs were specially targeted by the enemy because of their crucial role in directing artillery fire. Hanford spent much of his time fighting in the Vosges Mountains in eastern France and then in Germany in late 1944 and early 1945 . William Hanford served with the U.S. Army’s 103rd Infantry Division of the Seventh Army. For more information go to: Stackpole Books Join host Dale Throneberry and guest William Hanford, former Artillary Forward Observer in World War II, as we relive his memories of his journey across Europe.  ________________________________________________________________________________
23 January 2010	Don Bendell A 70% disabled vet, Don served as an officer in four Special Forces (Green Beret) Groups, including a 1968-1969 tour on an A-team at Dak Pek, in the northwest corner of II Corps, Vietnam. He was also a District Coordinator for the top-secret Phoenix Program.  In 1967 Don graduated from the US Army Infantary Officer Candidate School (OCS) .  In 1969 as a Captain and Ass't S2 of the 3rd SFGA at Ft. Bragg, he attended the US Army Intelligence Officers School at Fort Holabird, MD and graduated on the Commandant's List.  He was in charge of all the Top Secret Area Studies for all of the nations in Africa www.donbendell.com ·       What was the mission of the Phoenix Program?  ·       Was it successful?  ·       Was it an “Assassination Campaign” as claimed by a detractor such as Noam Chomsky?  ·       Or was that part of the counter-intelligence program of the enemy?  ·       The KGB?  Join host Gary Lillie and guest Don Bendell; former Green Beret, author of 27 books, political activist, public speaker, Grandmaster in 5 martial arts, “a real cowboy, with a real horse and a real ranch” outside of Florence, Colorado.
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16 January 2010	Bent Prop Project Recovering lost warriors …Japanese War Crimes Trial transcripts show that the Japanese tried to cover up their deeds by digging up the bodies, burning them and then burying the ashes…It's up to us to…find the missing people. We showed her [archeologist Jolie Liston] what we believe is the execution area, and she liked that... The Bent Prop Project is a loosely knit group of friends who research, then search the waters and jungles of the western Pacific for clues that may lead to the location and identification of wreck sites and remains of men who gave their lives in defense of America…then turn their findings over to JPAC: Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Department of Defense. Go this remarkable web site: www.bentprop.org  Join host Gary Lillie this week and guest , Bent Prop Project member, Paul Schwimmer, __________________________________________________________________________
9 January 2010	The Clash of Civilizations Suppose Al-Qaeda was able to obtain five nuclear devices and plan a nuclear 9/11, their Day of Islam. Success would trigger the clash of civilizations that has been building for 1,400 years. Could it happen? You decide! The 9/11 Report, and most recently, FBI Director Mueller warn that Islamic radicals plan to attack the U.S. with weapons of mass destruction. Q 1: Can terrorists really attack the U.S. with nuclear weapons? Q 2: Can America survive such an attack? Q 3: If we survive, what will be our retribution? Q 4: How will the world change? Join our guest, award winning author Lee Boyland, who has written an incredible and totally believable account of what could happen if Al-Qaeda did acquire nuclear weapons in his fascinating trilogy that includes the “Rings of Allah”, “Behold, an Ashen Horse” and “America Reborn”.  His “Clash of Civilizations Trilogy” will force you to look honestly at the catastrophic possibilities in today’s world. From atomic weapons and retaliation to a new America. Don’t miss this amazing story this week on Veterans Radio. Lee Boyland knows what he writes about. He graduated from N.C. State University with a B.S. in Nuclear Engineering, was a 2nd Lt. in the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps. After completing the U.S. Navy's Nuclear Weapons and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Schools he was assigned to the Defense Atomic Support Agency (DASA) in Albuquerque, NM as a member of its Nuclear Emergency Team. He had access to the design details of every nuclear and thermonuclear warhead developed by the Unites States. ________________________________________________________________________________
2 January 2010	Happy New Year   The beginning of a New Year is a great time to reflect on the past year and review what we’ve learned, if anything, while we ponder the future. This is the time of year when we make our resolutions and predictions. What do you think is going to happen during 2010? What’s on your wish list for our country, our veterans and this generation of servicemen and women?  We want to hear from you on any of the following: Don't miss this very lively discussion. ___________________________________________________________________________________
12 26 2009	Is is a is Is it a bird, a plane, what is this?  A GUN?  Yeah I know, we were told not to use that description but that is what it is.  Now, you need more information on this weapon?  Where will it be deployed, what significant impact with troops on the ground, etc.  Hey I don’t want to give it all away so TUNE IN LIVE, or if you still are Christmas sleepy then go to our archive and download your own CD of the Program.  ____________________________________________________________________________________
19 Dec 09	Christmas in the Military   It’s that time of year when many of us think of Christmases gone by. Where did you celebrate Christmas when you were in the service? Was it Europe, the Pacific, Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan or anywhere else American troops have been stationed? Listen to stories from WWII, Korea and Vietnam. From all of us at Veterans Radio:                              "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!!!" _________________________________________________________________________
12 Dec 09	What do Veterans want this Holiday Season? It’s that time of year. What are you going to give your favorite veteran this holiday season? Join Veterans Radio this Saturday morning to hear what new books, music, military paraphernalia is available for your favorite veteran.  We'll be talking with Marc Leepson, Arts Editor for the VVA Veteran, about some of the best military books of 2009. We’ll also be talking with authors, musicians, artists, veteran’s organizations and corporations supporting veterans from around the country.  ____________________________________________________________________________
05 Dec 09	"Never Again Will One Generation of Veterans  Abandon Another"    It's been over thirty years since men and woman banded to gether in Washington, D.C. and laid the groundwork for what would become Vietnam Veterans of America. The VVA has come a long way. Over the last three decades, they have fought the battles here at home for those they fought beside so long ago.  And now we have a whole new generation of warriors being sent overseas and the VVA is stepping up to make sure theses young men and women will not be forgotten.  Join hosts, Dale Throneberry and Gary Lillie, and their guests as we look at the history and the future of the Vietnam Veterans of America. Joining us will be Keith King, President of the Veterans Support Group and VVA Public Affairs Committee Chairman, Marc Leepson, VVA’s historian and arts editor for the VVA Veteran, Mokie Porter, VVA Director of Publications and Communications and contributing editor to “Welcome Home” an inspiring new publication of the VVA that describes what the VVA is doing to help today’s men and women warriors, and other surprise guests.  _____________________________________________________________________________
29 Nov 09	Gen. William A. Henderson (Ret.) As a Marine Corp F-4 Phantom fighter pilot, Bill Henderson flew 125 combat missins.  He then flew in support of the infantry as Forward Air Control (FAC).  Upon his return to the United States he became a flight instructor and F-4 Check Pilot. After ten years as a Marine, Henderson lef the Marine Corps and joined General Motors as a corporate pilot, eventually becoming Chief Pilot and Director of Flight Operations.  After 28 years he retired fromn GM. While empolyed at GM, he joined the Marine Corps Reserves at Selfridge Air National Guard Base, Mt Clemens, Michigan.  When the unit moved out of state, Henderson joined the Michigan Air National Guard where he flew the F-100 Saber and A-7 Corsair.  After 34 years of combined active duty and reserve military service he retired, having achieved the rank of Major General and command of hte Michigan Air National Guard. He now serves on the borad of directors of Operation Never Forgotten. ____________________________________________________________________________
21 Nov 09	FACs: Forward Air Controllers America had the air power in Vietnam. In the north our aircraft attacked strategic targets, while the mission in the south was tactical. Fighter aircraft carried huge loads of ordinance for attacking enemy positions and supporting our troops on the ground. But before you can attack a target, you need to know where it is…and that was the job of the Forward Air Controller (FAC). Their mission was dangerous; it took courage and total composure to do that job. They did it and did it well. When our troops were in trouble that’s where our airpower converged. The nearest FAC would head for the troops and fighters would scramble or divert to the scene. As our guest wrote, “…whatever we could do, no matter how mundane or risky, we’d let it all hang out to help the guys on the ground.” One FAC pilot, Captain Hilliard A. Wilbanks, USAF, a friend of our guest, was posthumously awarded the  Medal of Honor for what he did to save an ARVN (Army of the Republic of Vietnam) company from annihilation by an NVA (North Vietnamese Army) ambush. We will hear that story and others. We will also hear clips from songs our guest wrote about the FAC pilots Vietnam experiences, some humorous, some serious, and all descriptive. “Pink Elephant Polka” tells the story of the day our guest spotted two pink elephants on a jungle trail. When he made his report he was warned of the dangers of the bottle. There really is an explanation for what he saw. Join host Gary Lillie and guest Jonathon Myer, an O-1E “Bird Dog” pilot who flew low and slow over the jungles, spotting and marking targets, while dodging anti-aircraft fire. ____________________________________________________________________________
14 Nov 09	What’s New at the VA? Over the last few years there have been many changes implemented throughout the Department of Veterans Affairs. Join host, Dale Throneberry, and his guest Michael Finegan, Network Director of Veterans Integrated Service Network 11, as they bring us up to date on all these changes. As Network Director Mr. Finegan has strategic planning and budgetary responsibility over seven VA Medical Centers in the Midwest.   We will also be answering your questions about how to file a claim with the VA and what to do if that claim is denied.  And we’ll be talking with Jan C. Scruggs, founder and president of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, about the new Education Center at the Wall. ____________________________________________________________________________
07 Nov 2009	“American Spirit Center”  OF BRIGHTON MICHIGAN PRESENTS A PRE-VETERANS DAY EVENT SATURDAY NOV 7,  2009  Join the Veterans Radio crew as we take a "Walk through history" during this remote broadcast from Brighton, Michigan. We talk with veterans from World War II, Vietnam, Desert Storm, and Iraq and Afghanistan          __________________________________________________________________________
31 Oct 2009	“SERVANT OF GOD” Father Emil J. Kapaun, Chaplain, US Army ‘He wore the cross of the Chaplain branch instead of the cross rifles of the infantry.  He was the best foot soldier, the bravest man, and the kindest individual I ever knew.  His name, Fr Emil Joseph Kapaun, a priest of the Roman Catholic Church’. Quote by  1st Lt. Ray M. Dowe, Jr. In 1950, Father Emil J. Kapaun, Chaplain, US Army, a native of Pilsen, Kansas, was Chaplain of the 8th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Calvary Division, Korea.  He became a legend among the troops he served, distinguishing himself on the field of battle both as a soldier and a Chaplain.  During the early days of the Korean War Father Kapaun ministered both spiritually and physically to his fellow soldiers, particularly the sick, wounded and dying.  Captured, 2 November 1950 by North Korean / Chinese Soldiers, Father Kapaun  was confined at Prison Camp #5, Pyoktong, North Korea until his death in May 1951.   Granted title of “Servant of God” by the Catholic Church, Father Kapaun is the Most Decorated Chaplain in US military history.  Currently, he is being considered for the Congressional Medal of Honor.  Don't miss this true story of courage and sacrifice toward our fellow man with first-person accounts and guest.  ___________________________________________________________________________
24 Oct 2009	USS Washtenaw County What is an LST and how did one of them, the USS Washtenaw County, become the most decorated ship of the Vietnam War? What it did on its last mission, which was the last planned mission by our military in Vietnam, will surprise if not amaze you. Join host Gary Lillie and guests retired Chief George Perrault and PO 1st Class Tom Osmond.  Both of them served on LSTs and Osmond served on the USS Washtenaw.  He said of those he served on, the USS Washtenaw Coiunty was his favorite ship.    __________________________________________________________________________
17 Oct 2009	1st Lt. Adam Betz - Michigan National Guard What happens when the IED a terrorist is setting goes off prematurely causing near-fatal wounds and his life is saved by the Americans he was trying to kill?·What is it like to run over 300 missions during a single tour in Iraq?  Join host Gary Lillie and guest Lt. Adam Betz, who did three tours in Iraq; the first two as a Marine grunt and the third as an Army platoon leader. Betz says, “I sleep better at night knowing that my men and I made a difference.” ___________________________________________________________________________
10 Oct. 2009	Listen to the reomote broadcast that was done LIVE from Orlando Florida. Dale Throneberry is covering the Military Writers Conference.  Tune-in and listen to Dale interview award-winning authors and the stories behind the stories. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
03 Oct. 2009	Live – from Tasmania An Aussie’s Vietnam Experience Australia has long been a close friend of the United States so it was natural that their government would commit troops to Vietnam to help fight the communist invasion from the north. After all, there was a real threat to their country if it spread.                                                                                        ·  What was it like for those troops – known as “Diggers?” ·  How “hot” was their area of responsibility? ·  How did their experience compare to that of the American troops? ·  Did they ever work with GIs? ·  How was their homecoming? ·  Do they, too, battle PTSD? ·  What about those New Zealanders and their Maori soldiers?                     Join host Gary Lillie and guest Allan Wood, pictured above, to hear the story of one Australian in the Vietnam War; and how his life has been since.  __________________________________________________________________________
26 Sept 2009	Distant War Join host Dale Throneberry and Marc Yablonka, author of  “Distant War: Recollections of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, this week on Veterans Radio. Some of the articles we’ll be talking about include: Doctors in a War Zone: The Ultimate Training Ground, Indomitable Spirit at the Hanoi Hilton: Vice Admiral James Bond Stockdale, Everything is Okay Now: Nick Ut (the picture of the little girl running naked from an air attack), Standing by Their Men: Donut Dollies, Dog Tags Take the Long Way Home: David and Kurt Arnold, Serving With Distinction…On Four Legs!: Dogs in Vietnam, From AFVN to Wheel of Fortune: Pat Sajak and many many more powerful and inspiring stories. See the complete list at Merriam Press . *Due to a technical problem there is no Medal of Honor segment this week _________________________________________________________________________
19 Sept 2009	Captain John C. (“Jack”) Ensch Join host Gary Lillie and guest John Ensch, a back-seater who flew 285 missions over North Vietnam in an F-4 Phantom. On 23 May 1972 his F-4 shot down two MiG-17 fighters – on the same mission!  Unfortunately, a few months later, on 25 August 1972 Captain Ensch was himself shot down by a SAM (surface-to-air-missile).  His pilot was killed and Ensch was held as a POW until 29 March 1973. __________________________________________________________________________
12 Sept. 2009	On our August 29th program we announced the nominees for the Military Writers Society of America 2009 Book Awards. Join host Dale Throneberry and MWSA member Rob Ballister, Lead Reviewer and 2009 President’s Award Winner, as they announce the 2009 winners in the following categories: Other guests include Vice President Mike Mullins to talk about the “Oral History” and the “Open Mic” program taking place at the MWSA Conference in Orlando in October. President Joyce Faulkner and Secretary Pat Avery will be announcing the People’s Choice Award Finalists and Marc Yablonka, one of the newest members of MWSA, will tell us what being a member of the Military Writers Society of America means to him and his new book Distant War: Recollections of Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Visit their web site at www.militarywriters.com  ______________________________________________________________________________________
05 Sept. 2009	West Point & the ROTC Join Veterans Radio and our special guests who will give us some of the storied past and contributions to our country by the graduates of both institutions – as well as some little known facts. As an example, Forbes magazine just ranked West Point as the #1 college in the nation, ahead of #2 Princeton, #3 Cal Tech, #4 Williams, and #5 Harvard. We’ll also talk about some of the buildings at West Point and their namesakes. ______________________________________________________________________________________
29 August 2009	A Legacy of Two Fathers Jerry Yellin , member of The Military Writers Society of America and author of Of War and Weddings and The Blackened Canteen was born in Newark, New Jersey on February 15, 1924. He completed high school in June 1941. H e enlisted in the Army Air Corps on his 18th birthday, Feb. 15, 1942, and graduated from Luke Field in August, 1943 as a fighter pilot He was in combat in the Pacific Theater and Iwo Jima with the 78th Fighter Squadron and participated in the first land based fighter mission over Japan on April 7, 1945 and the last mission of the war on August 14, 1945. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with an Oak Leaf cluster and the Air Medal with four Oak Leaf clusters. He was discharged a Captain in December 1945. Of War and Weddings , A Legacy of Two Fathers is Jerry Yellin's legacy to his family, to his country and to the nation of Japan. The book is not just Yellin's extraordinary story of his experiences as a fighter pilot in the Pacific during World War II. it is also a story of the prejudice spawned by war and carried in the hearts of two war veterans, both military pilots, one Japanese and one American. Through the marriage of their children, the two fathers learn to make peace with their war experiences and allow the burdens of hatred for a nation and for a race to be lifted from their lives. And we announce the 2009 Award Nominees for the   Join host Dale Throneberry and President Joyce Faulkner, Founder Bill McDonald and  Chief Reviewer Rob Ballister as they announce the nominees for this year's MWSOA awards and the winners of their prestigious 2009 Founder’s Award and the 2009 President’s Award. Award winners will be announced on our September12th program. Don’t miss this opportunity to learn about some of the best military writers in America. And Richard Lowry outlines what's going to be happening at the annual Military Writers Conference in Orlando, Florida October 9-11 2009. For more information on the Military Writers Society of America and a complete list of the nominees go to their website www.miltarywriters.com _________________________________________________________________________
22 August 2009	The GI Bill                                Then and Now Formally known as the Serviceman's Readjustment Act of 1944, it was far from an obvious, straightforward piece of legislation, but resulted from tense political maneuvering and complex negotiations. Unlikely coalitions emerged to shape and pass the bill, bringing together both New Deal Democrats and conservatives who had vehemently opposed Roosevelt's social-welfare agenda. For the first time in American history returning soldiers were not only supported, but enabled to pursue success--a revolution in America's policy towards its veterans. Once enacted, the G.I. Bill had far-reaching consequences. By providing job training, unemployment compensation, housing loans, and tuition assistance, it allowed millions of Americans to fulfill long-held dreams of social mobility, reshaping the national landscape. The huge influx of veterans and federal money transformed the modern university and the surge in single home ownership vastly expanded America's suburbs.   ”Anyone who has doubts about what government 'can do' should read this book. It provides a detailed example of the successes that were achieved when government 'did.'"--The American Chronicle Join host, Dale Throneberry, and author Glenn Altschuler as they talk about the history and importance of the original GI Bill and the new Post 9/11 GI Bill.                                                   For more information on the Post 9/11 GI Bill go to www.gibill.va.gov _________________________________________________________________________
15 August 2009	Sammy L Davis MOH For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life and beyond the call of duty. Sgt. Davis (then Pfc.) distinguished himself during the early morning hours while serving as a cannoneer with Battery C, at a remote fire support base. At approximately 0200 hours, the fire support base was under heavy enemy mortar attack. Simultaneously, an estimated reinforced Viet Cong battalion launched a fierce ground assault upon the fire support base. The attacking enemy drove to within 25 meters of the friendly positions. Only a river separated the Viet Cong from the fire support base. Detecting a nearby enemy position, Sgt. Davis seized a machinegun and provided covering fire for his guncrew, as they attempted to bring direct artillery fire on the enemy. Despite his efforts, an enemy recoilless rifle round scored a direct hit upon the artillery piece. The resultant blast hurled the guncrew from their weapon and blew Sgt. Davis into a foxhole. He struggled to his feet and returned to the howitzer, which was burning furiously. Ignoring repeated warnings to seek cover, Sgt. Davis rammed a shell into the gun. Disregarding a withering hail of enemy fire directed against his position, he aimed and fired the howitzer which rolled backward, knocking Sgt. Davis violently to the ground. Undaunted, he returned to the weapon to fire again when an enemy mortar round exploded within 20 meters of his position, injuring him painfully. Nevertheless, Sgt. Davis loaded the artillery piece, aimed and fired. Again he was knocked down by the recoil. In complete disregard for his safety, Sgt. Davis loaded and fired 3 more shells into the enemy. Disregarding his extensive injuries and his inability to swim, Sgt. Davis picked up an air mattress and struck out across the deep river to rescue 3 wounded comrades on the far side. Upon reaching the 3 wounded men, he stood upright and fired into the dense vegetation to prevent the Viet Cong from advancing. While the most seriously wounded soldier was helped across the river, Sgt. Davis protected the 2 remaining casualties until he could pull them across the river to the fire support base. Though suffering from painful wounds, he refused medical attention, joining another howitzer crew which fired at the large Viet Cong force until it broke contact and fled. Sgt. Davis' extraordinary heroism, at the risk of his life, are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself and the U.S. Army. _________________________________________________________________________
7 August 2009	Jon Voight His Journy From Vietnam War Protester to Vietnam Veteran Promoter Congress has declared March 29 of each year as National Vietnam Veterans Day.  March 29, 2010 falls on a Monday, so Jon Voight is spearheading a national movement to recognize Vietnam Veterans in a nation-wide celebration on March 28, 2010. In 1978 Jon Voight won an Academy Award for portraying a paralytic Vietnam Veteran in the film Coming Home; a film that definitely portrayed the best and the worst of Vietnam Veterans; the worst being Hollywood’s stereotypical image of the Vietnam Veteran and the Vietnam War. It has been said that Jon Voight believed in that stereotype. In an August 1, 2009 speech at the Vietnam Veterans of America convention, Voight expressed his regrets for those days and his admiration of those he now calls warriors. Join host Gary Lillie and guest Jon Voight to hear Voight’s call to action for a     March 29, 2010 national party – along with his reflections on the past and present. __________________________________________________________________________
1 August 2009	Invisible Wounds Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is said to be the “signature injury” of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and accounts for over 90% of troop casualties. TBI can cause a wide range of functional changes affecting thinking, sensation, movement, language, and/or emotions. Many TBI survivors also suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, (PTSD). Some symptoms may appear immediately after the injury and other symptoms may not appear for days or weeks. Because of the nature of the injury and the symptoms, sometimes people may not recognize or admit that they have a problem. In post-concussion/mild TBI patients, recovery time is normally within weeks/months. Patients with moderate to severe TBI may never fully recover their pre-injury function. The rate of TBI in service members returning from the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan is higher than in any previous American conflict. Join host Dale Throneberry and his guest Rick Briggs, Veteran's Program Director for the Brain Injury Association of Michigan, to find out what are some of the problems with those who have experienced TBI and what is being done to help our returning veterans recover. We will also be talking with some survivors of TBI and hear their stories about how they are coping with this devastating and mostly “Invisible Wound”. _______________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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